In 1808, the sequestration of the Spanish royal family by Napoleon Bonaparte, the Abdications of Bayonne, gave rise to an emergence of liberalism and desire for liberties throughout the Spanish Empire. Thus, the strict period of military campaigns would go from the battle of Chacaltaya (1809), in present-day Bolivia, to the Battle of Tampico (1829), in Mexico. These began shortly after the start of the French invasion of Spain, during the Napoleonic Wars, as a struggle for sovereignty in both hemispheres, between those who wanted a unitary monarchy (Royalist) rather than plural monarchies or Republics (Patriots). The Spanish American wars of independence (25 September 1808 – 29 September 1833 Spanish: Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) were numerous civil wars in Spanish America with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule during the early 19th century. Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63).Iberian Peninsula and South America (1762–63).Native American allies of the Royalists.Although they fought for independence, the Banda Oriental and Spanish Texas become part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and First Mexican Empire respectively.Spain retained the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico until 1898.Diplomatic recognition in 1821 ( Portuguese), 1822 (US) and 1825 (UK). ![]() West Florida (annexed by United States).
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